Periodontal disease is a biofilm-induced chronic inflammatory condition that affects the tooth-supporting tissues, which in its severe form may lead to tooth loss and negatively affect systemic health. Although host immune and inflammatory responses are crucial in the control of this biofilm, their persistence and dysregulation may lead to destruction of periodontal tissues, where neutrophils and macrophages might play an important role. Moreover, it has been shown that periodontitis is associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases, among which inflammatory bowel disease has raised special attention . Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract, which comprises two main forms, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis . The pathogenesis of IBD involves genetic and environmental factors, such as diet, smoking, stress, and microorganisms , and it is characterized by intestinal inflammation and epithelial injury . Cro...
To inspire , To achieve