BDS INSIGHTS

INTRODUCTION : Ectodermal dysplasia syndrome is a large,heterogeneous group of inherited disorders , the manifestations of which could be seen in more than one ectodermal derivatives. Common syndromes : A. Hypohidrotic ED B. Hidrotic ED Etiology :   Ectodermal dysplasia syndrome results from aberant development of ectodermal derivatives in early embryonic life. Symptoms Teeth In the development of tooth buds frequently result in congenitally absent teeth (in many cases a lack of a permanent set) and/or in the growth of teeth that are peg-shaped or pointed . The enamel may also be defective . Cosmetic dental treatment is almost always necessary and children may need dentures as early as two years of age. Multiple denture replacements are often needed as the child grows, and dental implants may be an option in adolescence, once the jaw is fully grown. Nowadays this option of extracting the teeth and substituting them with dental implants is quite common. In

A pulp polyp , also called as Chronic Hyperplastic Pulpitis, is found in an open carious lesion, fractured tooth or when a dental restoration is missing. Due to lack of intrapulpal pressure in an open lesion pulp necrosis does not take place as would have occurred in a closed caries case. Also a good vascular and immune supply is necessary, therefore found in adults. It is a productive pulpal inflammation where the development of granulation tissue is seen. Causes Causes of a pulp polyp include the following: Carious tooth with significant loss of tooth structure Loss of a dental restoration that results in pulpal exposure Fractured tooth due to trauma with a pulpal exposure Pulpal tissue with access to a good blood supply Possible hormonal (estrogen and progesterone) influence Clinical features : 1. Occurs mostly in children and young adults , who possess a high degree of resistance and reactivity. 2.It involves teeth with large,open carious lesions.

Macroglossia, meaning large tongue, has been a documented anatomical anomaly for several centuries but remains an entity defined more by presentation than by strict cephalometric analysis. The earliest known written description of tongue lesions comes from the Egyptian Papyrus Ebers, originally thought to be from around 1550 BC. Obviously, tongue lesions have since been categorized by their etiologies. Macroglossia has an extensive list of possible causes. Its treatment has been largely surgical in the modern era. Problem Multiple studies have attempted to define macroglossia by objective measurements based on a variety of clinical and radiographic tests. However, because of the difficulty in performing these tests and because intervention is not based on measurements but on clinical presentation, macroglossia is most often diagnosed subjectively. Ueyama and others defined macroglossia as occurring when  of the following  criteria is met:extravasation of the lin

Pictured: Horrifically injured gun accident victim shows off results of the most extensive face transplant ever performed Richard Lee Norris, 37, injured in 1997 in gun accident, was treated by 100-strong team of doctors at University of Maryland in March Mr Norris said: ' I am now able to walk past people and no one even gives me a second look' These are the incredible before-and-after pictures of 37-year-old Richard Lee Norris who was given the most extensive face transplant ever performed. Mr Norris, who was injured in a 1997 gun accident, was pictured seven months after being given a new face, teeth, tongue and jaw in a 36-hour surgery at the University of Maryland Medical Center. For 15 years, Mr Norris lived as a recluse in Hillsville, Virginia, hiding behind a mask and only coming out at night time. He can now feel his face and is able to brush his teeth and shave. He's also regained his sense of smell, which he had lost after the accident. Sc

Dental pulp testing is a useful and essential diagnostic aid in endodontics.Pulp sensibility tests include thermal and electric tests, which extrapolate pulp health from sensory response. Traditional electronic pulp testers work by passing a current into the tooth and measuring how much current is required to cause a sensation. Unfortunately, the diagnosis is often made on a tooth that has or is near a metal tooth filling, which can change the path of the current in unpredictable ways. Clinically, this has led to false-positive readings. University of Oxford researchers have designed a magnetic analog of this device that aims to alleviate this issue.                                         Dental pulp tests are investigations that provide valuable diagnostic and treatment planning information to the dental clinician.The most accurate way of evaluating the pulp status is by examinati

The "tooth patch" is a hard-wearing and ultra-flexible material made from hydroxyapatite, the main mineral in tooth enamel, that could also mean an end to sensitive teeth.   A tooth patch, an ultra thin biocompatible film made from hydroxyapatitte, is pictured on September 6, 2012. Scientists in Japan have created a microscopically thin film that can coat individual teeth to prevent decay or to make them appear whiter, the chief researcher said. The "tooth patch" is a hard-wearing and ultra-flexible material made from hydroxyapatite, the main mineral in tooth enamel, that could also mean an end to sensitive teeth. "This is the world's first flexible a

New York June 8, 2005—Baby and wisdom teeth, along with jawbone and periodontal ligament, are non-controversial sources of stem cells that could be "banked" for future health needs, according to a National Institutes of Health researcher who spoke today at the American Dental Association's national media conference. Harvested from the pulp layer inside the teeth, jawbone and periodontal ligament, these stem cells may one day correct periodontal defects and cleft palate, and may help restore nerve cells lost in diseases such as Parkinson's, according to Pamela Gehron Robey, Ph.D., Chief, Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research of the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services. Stem cells have the potential to save injured teeth and grow jawbone. Regenerating an entire tooth is on the horizon, and years from now, Dr. Robey said stem cells from teeth and jawbo- ne might be

  CONGENITAL EPULIS OF THE NEWBORN Epulis is a rare tumor of the newborn, also known as granular cell tumor of the newborn or Neumann's tumor. This tumor arises from the mucosa of the gingiva, most commonly from the anterior part of the maxillary alveolar ridge, and is typically seen as a mass protruding out of the newborn child's mouth, which may interfere with respiration or feeding. Epulis is seen only in the newborn and is a different entity from other granular cell tumors. The tumor has a marked female preponderance of 8:1. The recommended treatment is prompt surgical resection. Recurrences of the tumor and damage to future dentition have not been reported, suggesting that radical excision is not warranted. A newborn female with such a mass is described. The tumor was resected using a carbon dioxide laser; the postoperative course

Ameloblastoma, a relatively common epithelial odontogenic tumor includes several histopathologic subtypes like follicular, plexiform, acanthomatous and desmoplastic variants. Hybrid desmoplastic ameloblastoma (DA) composed of typical desmoplastic ameloblastoma along with areas of follicular/plexiform ameloblastoma is an extremely rare variant of ameloblastoma.        Desmoplastic ameloblastoma (DA) was first described in detail by Eversole et al in 1984 and is defined as “a variant of ameloblastoma with specific clinical, imaging and histological                    features” in the recent WHO classification of odontogenic tumors. Thus, it often occurs in the anterior region of jaws, presents with unique radiographic appearance resembling fibrosseous lesions and show distinct histopathology characterized by extensive stromal collagenisation or desmoplasia surrounding compressed islands of odontogenic epithelium making it a distinct entity. Ameloblastoma is a rare odont