Insight on Dental implant materials

A dental implant is a "root" device, usually made of titanium, used in dentistry to support restorations that resemble a tooth or group of teeth to replace missing teeth.

Materials used :

Metals - stainless steel

               Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum based
               Titanium and its alloys
              Surface coated titanium

Ceramics - Hydroxyapatite
                   Bioglass
                   Aluminum oxide

Polymers and composites
Others- Gold,tantalum,carbon etc .

TITANIUM : Commercially pure titanium is currently the most widely used material for implants.

Basically because :
1.Low density ( 4.5 gm/cm2) but high strenght)
2. minimal biocorrosion due to its passivating effect
3. biocompatible

Titanium also has good stiffness. Although its stiffness is only half that of steel,it is still 5-10 times higher than that of bone.

CERAMICS :
These may be bioactive or bioinert.
Limited application due to their low tensile strength and ductility.

Bio active : Hyroxyapatite,bioglass

Bio inert : Aluminium oxide is used either in the polycrystalline form or as a single crystal.

STAINLESS STEEL :
Austentic steel is used as an implant material.
High strenght and ductility

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